Liner construction for slush pumps



y 1940. N 1.. w. STAHL ET AL 2,2Q7,112

LINER CONSTRUCTION FOR SLUSH PUMPS Filed Feb. 25, 1938 3 Sheet s-Sheet 1 I 17 I I 27 LESL/E M/fiT/WL a QALPHL FOSTER, IN VENTORS.

I ATTORNEY I ,1940. I w. STAHLIEF AL 2,207,112

LINER CONSTRUCTION FOR SLUSH PUMPS Filed Feb. 25,1958 3 sheets-sheet 2 5 36 29 A5 76 r 35 2a 27 25 26 1531/5 W STAHL an 5 Law: Hum

@ALPH L. F0572?) 11v VENTO/ed ATTORNEY July 9, 1940. L. w. STAHL. El AL LINER CONSTRUCTION FOR SLUSH PUMP S Filed Feb. 25, 1938 3 SheetsSheet 5 4554/5 M/ 57/4/71 M 9/1 1.0/1 F05 72:78

[N VENZORS.

BY j

Patented July 9, 1940 2,207,112 1.1mm cons'muc'rron ron SLUSH PUMPS 1 Leslie W. Stahl, Houston, Tex, and Ralph L.

Foster, Los Angeles, Calii'., assignors to Emsco Derrick & Equipment Company, Los Angeles, Calif., a corporation of California Application February 25, 1938, Serial No. 192,510

v 10 Claims.

Our invention relates to fluid pumps. It relates more particularly to fluid pumps which have replaceable liners; Our invention has a particular utility in slush pumps, such as are commonly employed in the oil well drilling industry, and the invention resides more particularly in a unique removable line construction. Thisapplication is a continuation-in-part of our copending application for a Slush pump, Serial No. 180,554, filed in the United States Patent Oflice on December 18, 1937.

In order that the features and advantages of our invention may be betterunderstood, the in vention will be described in connection with its use in slush pumps, such as are commonly employed in the oil well drilling industry for pumping rotary mud or slush into the well for the,

abrasive qualities of the slush; and it is therefore the practice to provide the cylinders of the slush pump with replaceable liners which, when worn, may be replaced by new ones. It is an object of our invention to provide a fluid pump, such, for example, as a slush pump, in which the cylinder is provided with a removable liner, and which incorporates a novel and unique means for securing the liner in the cylinder.

It is an object of our invention to provide a securing means which is simple and sturdy in construction, which is located within the pump curing means includes a rotatable member which surrounds one end of the liner.

High pressures are often developed in slush pumps and suitable sealing means must be provided between the liner and the cylinder wall. During operation rotary mud works into even the minute spaces between the liner and cylinderv wall and forms encrustations which act to attach the liner to the cylinder and thus, when it is desired to remove the liner, makes its removal 5 quite diflicult. In fact, special liner pullers are walls of the slush pump as a result of the highly on the market for this purpose which include arms which extend into the liner and engage the remote end thereof, and which include means for exerting a pull on the arms.

It is an object of our invention to provide a 5 liner construction which incorporates means for securing the liner in place in the cylinder and which also includes means for removing the liner at least to the extent of breaking the attachment which has formed between the liner and the cylinder wall.

It is a further object oi our invention to provide a liner construction having securing and removing means which embodies a rotatable member supported on one end of the liner, and which when rotated in one direction secures the liner in place, and when rotated in an opposite direction removes the liner.

It is a still further object of our invention to provide a construction of the character pointed out in the preceding paragraph in which the rotatable member when it secures the liner in the cylinder also compresses packing so that a fluid-u tight seal is formed between the liner and the cylinder wall.

It is a still further object of our invention to provide a pump structure in which one end of the liner extends into an end chamber at the endof the cylinder and in which the installing and removing means for the liner is positioned on this endof the liner in a position readily accessible by an operating tool which may be extended into the end chamber.

In addition to this it is an object of our invention to provide a means for locking the rotatable member from rotation to prevent inadvertent or accidental loosening of the liner.

It is a still further object of our invention to provide a liner construction having securing and removing means in which the liner has a flange and in which the rotatable member is made in a plurality of parts having a groove, and which may be assembled around the end of the liner so that the flange may rest in the groove.

Other objects and advantages of our invention will be emphasized in the course of the following' description of forms of our invention selected for the purpose of illustrating the features and. advantages and principle of operation thereof.

Referring to the drawings in detail:

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view through the fluid end of a pump incorporating one form of. our invention.

Fig. 2 is an. enlarged fragmentary sectional I view showing the end of the liner which incorporates the securing and removing means in which the essential features of our invention are incorporated.

Fig. 3 is a section taken on the line 3--3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing the lock and retainer means which forms a part of our invention.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the manner in which the operating tool or wrench may be extended into the end chamber of the pump to engage and operate the rotatable member.

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional viewcorresponding to Fig. 2 but showing a second form of our invention.

Fig. '7 is a fragmentary sectional view corresponding to Fig. 2 but showing still another form of our invention.

Fig. 8 is a section taken on the line 88 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary sectional view showing a further form of our invention.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing one of the parts of the rotatable member employed in the form of our invention illustrated in Fig. 9.

Referring to the form of our invention shown in Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive, the numeral represents the cylinder of the pump. Ordinarily the pump used in the oil well drilling industry is a duplex double acting pump and there may be, therefore, two cylinders constructed identically to the illustration in Fig. 1. The cylinder H has a cylinder wall l2 having an annular enlargement M at one end thereof, thus providing an annular packing chamber 15. Supported in the cylinder I is a liner l6, and adapted to be reciprocated in the liner I6 is a piston l1 which is moved by a piston rod I8 which extends through a suitable stufling box l9 rightwardly to the power end of the pump. When the piston I1 is reciprocated, rotary mud or other fluid is drawn into end chambers 20 positioned at opposite ends of the cylinder and also into the cylindrical space defined by the liner |6, through inlet ports and inlet valves (not shown), and is likewise forced outwardly through outlet or exhaust valves 2|. The pump construction in general may correspond to any suitable design and does not constitute a part of nor a limitation of our present invention.

'As shown best in Figs. 2 and 3, the end of the liner adjacent the left end chamber 20 is provided with a flange 25 which is -annular,'and which preferably fits into the enlargement |4. Placed in the inner end of the enlargement l4 so as to occupy the chamber I5 is a packing 26 which is engaged by the flange 25 and adapted to be compressed thereby. Rotatably supported by or surrounding the end of the liner I6 is a rotatable means or rotatable member 21 which has a cylindrical part providing an inner cylindrical wall 28 which may journal on the outer cylindrical wall 29 of the liner. The rotatable member 21 is provided with external threads 30 which are adapted to engage threads 3| formed on the cylinder preferably at the outer end of the enlargement l4, this being conveniently done by attaching a nut 32 in place, as shown. The threads 30 and 3| constitute advancing means whereby when the rotatable member 21 is rotated it may be advanced inwardly or outwardly; that is, it may be advanced axially in ,either direction. The inner end of the rotatable member provides an end wall 33 adapted to engage a shoulder 34 provided by the flange 25, with the result that when the rotatable member 21 is rotated so as to be advanced inwardly the shoulder 34 is engaged, thus forcing the flange 25 i and liner 26 inwardly and thus compressing the packing 26 so that a fluid-tight seal is formed between the liner I6 and cylinder At the outer end of the liner IS in a position to the left of the rotatable member 21 is an outer flange 35 which is preferably provided in the form of a removable ring fitting in an annular recess 36 formed on the exterior of the end of the liner I6. This flange 35 extends outwardly and provides a shoulder 3'! adapted to be engaged by an end wall or shoulder 38 of the rotatable member 21 so that when the rotatable member 2! is rotated so as to be advanced outwardly the shoulders 31 and 38 coengage, with the result that an outward force is applied to the liner and the liner will be moved in an outward or leftward direction. The flange 35 has sufficient clearance so that it may be inserted into place after the rotatable member 21 has been installed on the liner H5.

The rotatable member 2! has a means in the form of a radially outwardly projecting flange 40 which is engageable by a tool which may be inserted into the end chamber 20 for rotating the rotatable member 21 in either direction. The flange 40 is castellated and provides a series of spaced radially extending projections 4|. For the purpose of rotating the rotatable member 21, we may provide a wrench 43, such as that illustrated in Fig. 5. Access to the end chamber 20 may be had through an opening 44 which is normally closed by a removable cylinder head 45. When the cylinder head 45 is removed the wrench 43 may be inserted into place, as shown in Fig. 5. This wrench 43, it will be noted, is cylindrical. in form having a cylindrical wall 46, the inner end of which is provided with projections 41 which, as shown in Fig. 5, may extend into the spaces between the projections 4| of the flange 40, and, upon rotation of the wrench 43, through the application of a force to the handles 48 the rotatable member may be rotated. By rotating the wrench in one direction the rotatable member is advanced inwardly in order to move the liner l6 inwardly and to compress the packing 26. By rotating the wrench in an opposite direction the rotatable member is advanced outwardly so that the liner is moved in an outward direction. In order to free the liner it is not necessary to move it any great distance, but only sufliciently to break the attachment between the liner and the cylinder wall. This attachment, as previously pointed out, is formed by the mud or sediment encrustations, and is also formed by the adherence of the packing 26 both to the liner and to the cylinder wall.

For the purpose of locking the rotatable member against rotational movement, we provide a lock member 50 which is adapted to be supported in a retainer 5|, which retainer II is secured,

' preferably by welding, to the body of the pump tatable member against rotation. The lock member 50 may be secured in place by a suitable inachinescrew 54.

- vides a simple and effective means for breaking the connection between the liner and the cylinder so that it is unnecessary to use liner pullers, as are required on other constructions. The means which we provide is conveniently located so as to be readily accessible by merely removing the cylinder head 45. It may be conveniently operated by the use of a simple wrench shown in Fig. 5, and considerable power through the medium of the threads and 3| may be obtained for moving the liner I8 outwardly even though the attachment to the cylinder wall may be quite obstinate. We prefer to make the outer flange removable in order that the rotatable member 21 may be conveniently removed from an old liner and placed on a new liner. This is, of course, merely a matter of economy and, if de sired, the outer flange 35 may be rigidly secured to the liner, such as by welding. Referring to Fig. 6 which illustrates a second form of our invention and in which parts which correspond to the parts illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive are given similar numerals, we provide the liner [6 with but a single flange 60 which has a shoulder GI and a shoulder 62. The rotatable member 21 has an outer recess 63 in which the flange 60 is positioned and into which a sleeve member 64 is threadedly secured. The flange 60 therefore rests between shoulders 66 and 51 of the rotatable member 21. When the rotatable member is advanced inwardly the shoulder 61 engages .the shoulder 62 of the flange 60 and thus forces the liner l6 inwardly. In this form of our invention, however, the rotatable member 21 may directly engage the packing 26 and compress it. When the rotatable member is advanced outwardly the shoulder 66 engages the shoulder SI of the flange 60 and thus forces the liner l6 outwardly.

It will be seen that in this form of our invention, instead of employing a pair of flanges 25 and 35 and a rotatable member positioned between them, we employ a single flange 60 on the liner l6 which is surrounded by the rotatable member 21.

Inthe form of our invention illustrated in Fig. '7, the liner I6 is provided with a semi-cylindrical channel 10 and the rotatable member 21-ls provided with a semi-cylindrical channel 1!, both of which channels are completely annular and cooperate with each other to provide an annular chamber for receiving anti-friction means, such as ball bearings 12. The ball bearings 12 may be inserted into the channels" an 11 through an entrance port 14 normally closed by a plug 15 which is secured to the rotatable member 21 by a machine screw 16 which extends through a flange 11 thereof. In this form of our invention the ballbearings 12 act as the flange which provides the shoulders, and'the walls of the channel 1.! constitute the shoulders on the rotatable member 21 which exerts the axial force in either direction which is transmitted through the balls 12 to the liner l6 so that the liner may be moved inwardly or outwardly.

Referring to Figs. 9 and 10,- this form of our invention employs a rotatable member 21 which has an annular groove adapted to receive the flange 2|. As illustrated in Fig. 10, the rotatable member is made in two complementary halves Ql which are adapted to be assembled around the end of the liner l6 and into the position illustrated in Fig. 9. This must be done, of

' course, while the liner I6 is ina relatively leftward direction. When the parts have been thus assembled, the liner and rotatable member are moved to the right so that the end of the rotatable member enters the counterbore or enlargement l4. and upon partial rotation thereof the counterbore and threads in the ends thereof hold the parts 9| of the rotatable member in proper assembled position.

Various alterations and modifications may b made in the structures which we have illustrated without departing from the spirit and scope of our invention. We believe the principle embodied in the modifications of our invention disclosed herein to be broadly new and therefore desire our invention to be broadly construed in accordance with the appended claims.

n s We claim as our invention:

1. In a slush pump of the class described, the combination including: a cylinder; a liner removably positioned in said cylinder; a rotatable member on said liner and rotatable relative to said -liner; means cooperating between said cylinder and said rotatable member whereby said rotatable member is moved inwardly or outwardly upon rotation; and interengaging means between i said rotatable member and said liner for moving said liner inwardly or outwardy.

2. In a slush pump of the class described, the

combination including: a cylinder having an enlargement; packing in said enlargement; a

liner removably positioned in said cylinder, said liner having a flange; a rotatable member surrounding said liner and being rotatable relative to said liner, said rotatable member being threaded to said cylinder so as to be moved axially upon rotation, said rotatable member upon inward axialjmovement exerting a force against said flange for compressing said packing; and removing means cooperating between said rotatable member and said liner'for moving said liner outwardly upon outward movement of said rotatable member. K

3. In a slush pump of the class described, the

combination including: a cylinder; a liner removably positioned in said cylinder; 'a rotatable member surrounding said liner, said member being rotatable relative to said'liner and being threaded to saidcylinder so as to be moved inwardly or outwardly upon rotation; and means cooperating between said rotatable member and said liner for moving said liner inwardly or outwardly with said rotatable 'member.

4. In a slush pump of the class described, the combination including: a cylinder; ,a liner removably positioned in said cylinder; a pair of shoulders on said liner; and a rotatable member rotatable relative to and surrounding said liner and being threaded to said cylinder so as to be moved inwardly or outwardly upon rotation thereof, said rotatable member being so positioned and arranged with relation to said shoulders as' to move said liner inwardly and outwardly when said rotatable memberis so moved.

5; In a slush pump of the class described, the combination including: a cylinder; a liner removably positioned in'said cylinder; 9; pair of shoulders on said liner; and a rotatable member rotatable relative to and surrounding said liner and being threaded to said cylimier so as to be moved inwardly or outwardly upon rotation thereof, said rotatable member being, so positioned and arranged between said shoulders as to move said liner inwardly and outwardly when said rotatable member is so moved.

6. In a slush pump of the class described, the combination including: a body providing a cylinder, an end chamber at one end of said cylinder, an opening through which said end chamber is accessible, and removable means for closing said opening; a liner removably positioned in said cylinder and having one end thereof at said end chamber; a pair of spaced shoulders on the end of said liner which is at said end chamber; and a rotatable member rotatable on said liner between said shoulders, said rotatable member being threaded to said body so as to be moved inwardly or outwardly, said rotatable member be-- ing so positioned and arranged as to move said liner inwardly or outwardly therewith by exerting a pressure against either of said shoulders, and said rotatable member having means engageable by a suitable tool extended into said end chamber for rotating same.

'7. In a slush pump of the class described, the combination including: a body providing a cylin der, an end chamber at one end of said cylinder, an opening through which said end chamber is accessible, and removable means for closing said opening; a liner removably positioned in said cylinder and having one end thereof at said end chamber; a pair of spaced shoulders on the end of said liner which is at said end chamber; and a rotatable member rotatable on said liner between said shoulders, said rotatable member being threaded to said body so as to be moved inwardly or outwardly, said rotatable member being so positioned and arranged as to move said liner inwardly or outwardly therewith by exerting a pressure against either of said shoulders, and said rotatable member having an outwardly extending flange in said end chamber which is engageable by a suitable tool extended into said end chamber for rotating same.

8. In a slush pump of the class described, the combination including: a body providing a cylinder, an end chamber at one end of said cylinder,

an opening through which said end chamberis accessible, and removable means for closing said opening; a liner removably positioned in said cylinder and having one end thereof at said end chamber; a pair of spaced shoulders on the end of said liner which is at said end chamber; a rotatable member rotatable on said liner between said shoulders, said rotatable member being threaded to said body so as to be moved inwardly or outwardly, said rotatable member being so positioned and arranged as to move said liner inwardly or outwardly therewith by exerting a pressure against either of said shoulders. and said rotatable member having means engageable by a suitable tool extended into said end chamber for rotating same; and lock means in said end chamber for locking said rotatable member against rotation.

9. In a slush pump of the class described, the combination including: a cylinder; a liner removably positioned in said cylinder: a rotatable member rotatable on said liner, said member being threaded to said cylinder so as to be moved inwardly or outwardly upon rotation; and means cooperating between said rotatable member and said liner for moving said-liner inwardly and outwardly with said rotatable member, said means including a channel in said liner, a channel in said rotatable member, and anti-friction means in said channels.

10. In a slush pump of the class described, the combination including: a cylinder; a liner removably positioned in said cylinder; an annular flange on said liner; and a rotatable member rotatable on said liner and being threaded to said cylinder so as to be moved inwardly or outwardly upon rotation thereof, said rotatable member having an annular groove in which said flange is received, and being longitudinally separated into a plurality of parts to permit assembly on said liner, said rotatable member being so posi-' tioned and arranged as to move said liner in wardly and outwardly when said rotatable member is so moved.

LESLIE W. STAHL. RALPH L. FOSTER. 

